LOS ANGELES (AP) — Dozens of departments around the are amassing their own DNA databases to track criminals, a move critics say is a way around regulations governing state and national databases that restrict who can provide genetic samples and how long that information is held.
The local agencies create the rules for their databases, in some cases allowing samples to be taken from children or from people never arrested for a crime. chiefs say having their own collections helps them solve cases faster because they can avoid the backlogs that plague state and federal repositories.
Frederick Harran, the public safety director in Bensalem Township, Pennsylvania, was an early adopter of a local database. Since it was created in 2010, he said robberies and burglaries have been gone down due to arrests made because of the DNA collection.
Harran said the Pennsylvania state lab takes up to 18 months to process DNA taken from a burglary scene but with the local database authorities go through a private lab and get results within a month. He said he uses money from assets seized from criminals to pay for the private lab work.
“If they are burglarizing and we don’t get them identified in 18 to 24 months, they have two years to keep committing crimes,” he said.
DNA is found in cells and provides a genetic blueprint unique to each person. Blood, saliva, semen, hair, and skin are among the biological clues a criminal might leave at a crime scene and need only a few cells to create a profile.
typically get a DNA sample by swabbing the inside of a person’s mouth. That sample can then be compared against others in a database to see if a match occurs.
Some departments collect samples from people who are never arrested or convicted of crimes, though in all such cases the person is supposed to voluntarily comply and not be coerced or threatened.
State and federal authorities typically require a conviction, arrest or warrant before a sample is entered into their collections.
“The local databases have very, very little regulations and very few limits, and the law just hasn’t caught up to them,” said Jason Kreig, a law professor at the University of Arizona who has studied the issue. “Everything with the local DNA databases is skirting the spirit of the regulations.”
It’s unclear how many departments maintain their own DNA databanks because they are subject to no state or federal oversight, but in California, Florida, Connecticut and Pennsylvania have spoken publicly about their local databases. Harran said he knows of about 60 departments using local databases.
In San Diego, in addition to voluntary samples taken from adults, officers are allowed to take samples from juveniles who aren’t arrested or convicted as long as they are for purposes and the children sign a consent form. After the sample is taken, a officer is required to contact the child’s parent or legal guardian to tell them a DNA swab was collected.
The American Civil Liberties Union filed a lawsuit against San Diego last month alleging the policy “purports to sideswipe” restrictions implemented by a California state law that bars those samples from being entered into the state’s DNA database.
When officers take DNA samples from children without a court order, “it’s hard to imagine it’s anything other than coerced or involuntary,” said Bardis Vakili, an ACLU attorney who is spearheading the lawsuit.
“I think they are trying to avoid transparency and engage in forms of surveillance,” he said. “We don’t know what’s done other than it goes into their lab and is kept in a database.”
A San Diego spokesman declined to comment on the lawsuit and wouldn’t provide additional information about the department’s policy.
San Diego, the nation’s eighth-largest city, has about 1.4 million people and a very large database, while Branford, Connecticut, population 28,000, has just 500 samples in its collection.
Still, Chief Daniel Halloran said the database has helped solve crimes and eliminate other people as suspects. The department has implemented strict guidelines to ensure samples are voluntary and they do not take samples from juveniles, he said.
“It’s not like we’re pulling over motorists and asking them for DNA,” Halloran said. “There has to be some sort of correlation to a crime.”
Follow Michael Balsamo on Twitter @MikeBalsamo1.
In California they can Charge you with a Felony,(falsely) and then require you to submit a DNA test and if you say no, then you are charged with a second Felony, failed to comply and Obstruction of Justice. I know because it happened to me when my brothers girlfriend was murdered. The Barstow Police Department used a family snitch to start a fist fight with me. I was charged with AWDW and I was even asked by the Police- Why haven’t you beat the fuck out of this guy. I told them -as I am being cuffed up – Yea right that’s all that I need to do and then you come rolling up and he’s laying on the ground with two black eyes and a busted mouth and a bloody nose. I was never read my rights or allowed to write out a statement. . The Guy was selling pot and pit bulles and vandalizing my property – I even had a restraining order on him but it had expired. It is difficult to Honor the Police when they Andrew Espinoza are ruining peoples lives just because they are Law men. I was never able to find job because of that stupid lying ass lie that they MADE UP .